Imami N, Hardy G, Gotch F: Development of immunotherapeutic strategies for HIV-1. Expert opinion on biological therapy. 2001, 1 (5): 803-816. 10.1517/14712598.1.5.803.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Imami N, Westrop S, Cranage A, Burton C, Gotch F: Combined use of cytokines, hormones and therapeutic vaccines during effective antiretroviral therapy. Future HIV Therapy. 2007, 1 (2): 171-179. 10.2217/17469600.1.2.171.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Chappel S: Growth hormone in immune reconstitution. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1999, 20 (5): 423-431.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Clark R: The somatogenic hormones and insulin-like growth factor-1: stimulators of lymphopoiesis and immune function. Endocr Rev. 1997, 18 (2): 157-179. 10.1210/er.18.2.157.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Koo GC, Huang C, Camacho R, Trainor C, Blake JT, Sirotina-Meisher A, Schleim KD, Wu TJ, Cheng K, Nargund R, et al: Immune enhancing effect of a growth hormone secretagogue. J Immunol. 2001, 166 (6): 4195-4201.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Welniak LA, Sun R, Murphy WJ: The role of growth hormone in T-cell development and reconstitution. J Leukoc Biol. 2002, 71 (3): 381-387.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rietschel P, Hadigan C, Corcoran C, Stanley T, Neubauer G, Gertner J, Grinspoon S: Assessment of growth hormone dynamics in human immunodeficiency virus-related lipodystrophy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001, 86 (2): 504-510. 10.1210/jc.86.2.504.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Vigano A, Mora S, Brambilla P, Schneider L, Merlo M, Monti LD, Manzoni P: Impaired growth hormone secretion correlates with visceral adiposity in highly active antiretroviral treated HIV-infected adolescents. Aids. 2003, 17 (10): 1435-1441. 10.1097/00002030-200307040-00003.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cominelli S, Raguso CA, Karsegard L, Hirschel B, Gaillard R, Genton L, Pichard C: Weight-losing HIV-infected patients on recombinant human growth hormone for 12 wk: a national study. Nutrition. 2002, 18 (7–8): 583-586. 10.1016/S0899-9007(02)00760-8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Moyle GJ, Daar ES, Gertner JM, Kotler DP, Melchior JC, O'Brien F, Svanberg E: Growth hormone improves lean body mass, physical performance, and quality of life in subjects with HIV-associated weight loss or wasting on highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2004, 35 (4): 367-375. 10.1097/00126334-200404010-00006.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wilson JD, Imami N, Watkins A, Gill J, Hay P, Gazzard B, Westby M, Gotch FM: Loss of CD4+ T cell proliferative ability but not loss of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 specificity equates with progression to disease. J Infect Dis. 2000, 182 (3): 792-798. 10.1086/315764.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Migueles SA, Laborico AC, Shupert WL, Sabbaghian MS, Rabin R, Hallahan CW, Van Baarle D, Kostense S, Miedema F, McLaughlin M, et al: HIV-specific CD8+ T cell proliferation is coupled to perforin expression and is maintained in nonprogressors. Nat Immunol. 2002, 3 (11): 1061-1068. 10.1038/ni845.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Imami N, Hardy G, Burton C, Pires A, Pido-Lopez J, Moss R, Gazzard B, Gotch F: Immune responses and reconstitution in HIV-1 infected individuals: impact of anti-retroviral therapy, cytokines and therapeutic vaccination. Immunol Lett. 2001, 79 (1–2): 63-76. 10.1016/S0165-2478(01)00267-X.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Seder RA, Ahmed R: Similarities and differences in CD4+ and CD8+ effector and memory T cell generation. Nat Immunol. 2003, 4 (9): 835-842. 10.1038/ni969.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Douek DC, Brenchley JM, Betts MR, Ambrozak DR, Hill BJ, Okamoto Y, Casazza JP, Kuruppu J, Kunstman K, Wolinsky S, et al: HIV preferentially infects HIV-specific CD4+ T cells. Nature. 2002, 417 (6884): 95-98. 10.1038/417095a.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Deeks SG, Walker BD: Human immunodeficiency virus controllers: mechanisms of durable virus control in the absence of antiretroviral therapy. Immunity. 2007, 27 (3): 406-416. 10.1016/j.immuni.2007.08.010.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Imami N, Pires A, Hardy G, Wilson J, Gazzard B, Gotch F: A balanced type 1/type 2 response is associated with long-term nonprogressive human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. J Virol. 2002, 76 (18): 9011-9023. 10.1128/JVI.76.18.9011-9023.2002.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Moss RB, Wallace MR, Giermakowska WK, Webb E, Savary J, Chamberlin-Brandt C, Theofan G, Musil R, Richieri SP, Jensen FC, et al: Phenotypic analysis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 cell-mediated immune responses after treatment with an HIV-1 immunogen. J Infect Dis. 1999, 180 (3): 641-648. 10.1086/314924.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Imami N, Hardy GA, Nelson MR, Morris-Jones S, Al-Shahi R, Antonopoulos C, Gazzard B, Gotch FM: Induction of HIV-1-specific T cell responses by administration of cytokines in late-stage patients receiving highly active anti-retroviral therapy. Clin Exp Immunol. 1999, 118 (1): 78-86. 10.1046/j.1365-2249.1999.01012.x.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Larsson M, Jin X, Ramratnam B, Ogg GS, Engelmayer J, Demoitie MA, McMichael AJ, Cox WI, Steinman RM, Nixon D, et al: A recombinant vaccinia virus based ELISPOT assay detects high frequencies of Pol-specific CD8 T cells in HIV-1-positive individuals. Aids. 1999, 13 (7): 767-777. 10.1097/00002030-199905070-00005.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Aspinall R, Pido J, Andrew D: A simple method for the measurement of sjTREC levels in blood. Mech Ageing Dev. 2000, 121 (1–3): 59-67.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Douek D: Thymic output and HIV infection: on the right TREC. Immunity. 2004, 21 (6): 744-745.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Christopherson C, Kidane Y, Conway B, Krowka J, Sheppard H, Kwok S: PCR-Based assay to quantify human immunodeficiency virus type 1 DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J Clin Microbiol. 2000, 38 (2): 630-634.
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pires A, Hardy G, Gazzard B, Gotch F, Imami N: Initiation of antiretroviral therapy during recent HIV-1 infection results in lower residual viral reservoirs. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2004, 36 (3): 783-790. 10.1097/00126334-200407010-00004.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rosenberg ES, Billingsley JM, Caliendo AM, Boswell SL, Sax PE, Kalams SA, Walker BD: Vigorous HIV-1-specific CD4+ T cell responses associated with control of viremia. Science. 1997, 278 (5342): 1447-1450. 10.1126/science.278.5342.1447.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rowland-Jones S, Sutton J, Ariyoshi K, Dong T, Gotch F, McAdam S, Whitby D, Sabally S, Gallimore A, Corrah T, et al: HIV-specific cytotoxic T-cells in HIV-exposed but uninfected Gambian women. Nat Med. 1995, 1 (1): 59-64. 10.1038/nm0195-59.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kebba A, Kaleebu P, Rowland S, Ingram R, Whitworth J, Imami N, Gotch F: Distinct patterns of peripheral HIV-1-specific interferon- gamma responses in exposed HIV-1-seronegative individuals. J Infect Dis. 2004, 189 (9): 1705-1713. 10.1086/383227.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Shedlock DJ, Shen H: Requirement for CD4 T cell help in generating functional CD8 T cell memory. Science. 2003, 300 (5617): 337-339. 10.1126/science.1082305.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sun JC, Bevan MJ: Defective CD8 T cell memory following acute infection without CD4 T cell help. Science. 2003, 300 (5617): 339-342. 10.1126/science.1083317.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Janssen EM, Lemmens EE, Wolfe T, Christen U, von Herrath MG, Schoenberger SP: CD4+ T cells are required for secondary expansion and memory in CD8+ T lymphocytes. Nature. 2003, 421 (6925): 852-856. 10.1038/nature01441.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kelleher AD, Carr A, Zaunders J, Cooper DA: Alterations in the immune response of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected subjects treated with an HIV-specific protease inhibitor, ritonavir. J Infect Dis. 1996, 173 (2): 321-329.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Autran B, Carcelain G, Li TS, Blanc C, Mathez D, Tubiana R, Katlama C, Debre P, Leibowitch J: Positive effects of combined antiretroviral therapy on CD4+ T cell homeostasis and function in advanced HIV disease. Science. 1997, 277 (5322): 112-116. 10.1126/science.277.5322.112.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Li TS, Tubiana R, Katlama C, Calvez V, Ait Mohand H, Autran B: Long-lasting recovery in CD4 T-cell function and viral-load reduction after highly active antiretroviral therapy in advanced HIV-1 disease. Lancet. 1998, 351 (9117): 1682-1686. 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)10291-4.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hardy GA, Imami N, Sullivan AK, Pires A, Burton CT, Nelson MR, Gazzard BG, Gotch FM: Reconstitution of CD4+ T cell responses in HIV-1 infected individuals initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is associated with renewed interleukin-2 production and responsiveness. Clin Exp Immunol. 2003, 134 (1): 98-106. 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2003.02256.x.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Iyasere C, Tilton JC, Johnson AJ, Younes S, Yassine-Diab B, Sekaly RP, Kwok WW, Migueles SA, Laborico AC, Shupert WL, et al: Diminished proliferation of human immunodeficiency virus-specific CD4+ T cells is associated with diminished interleukin-2 (IL-2) production and is recovered by exogenous IL-2. J Virol. 2003, 77 (20): 10900-10909. 10.1128/JVI.77.20.10900-10909.2003.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Younes SA, Yassine-Diab B, Dumont AR, Boulassel MR, Grossman Z, Routy JP, Sekaly RP: HIV-1 viremia prevents the establishment of interleukin 2-producing HIV-specific memory CD4+ T cells endowed with proliferative capacity. J Exp Med. 2003, 198 (12): 1909-1922. 10.1084/jem.20031598.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hazenberg MD, Otto SA, Cohen Stuart JW, Verschuren MC, Borleffs JC, Boucher CA, Coutinho RA, Lange JM, Rinke de Wit TF, Tsegaye A, et al: Increased cell division but not thymic dysfunction rapidly affects the T-cell receptor excision circle content of the naive T cell population in HIV-1 infection. Nat Med. 2000, 6 (9): 1036-1042. 10.1038/79549.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dion ML, Poulin JF, Bordi R, Sylvestre M, Corsini R, Kettaf N, Dalloul A, Boulassel MR, Debre P, Routy JP, et al: HIV infection rapidly induces and maintains a substantial suppression of thymocyte proliferation. Immunity. 2004, 21 (6): 757-768. 10.1016/j.immuni.2004.10.013.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Almeida AR, Borghans JA, Freitas AA: T cell homeostasis: thymus regeneration and peripheral T cell restoration in mice with a reduced fraction of competent precursors. J Exp Med. 2001, 194 (5): 591-599. 10.1084/jem.194.5.591.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kiepiela P, Ngumbela K, Thobakgale C, Ramduth D, Honeyborne I, Moodley E, Reddy S, de Pierres C, Mncube Z, Mkhwanazi N, et al: CD8+ T-cell responses to different HIV proteins have discordant associations with viral load. Nat Med. 2007, 13 (1): 46-53. 10.1038/nm1520.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Chouquet C, Autran B, Gomard E, Bouley JM, Calvez V, Katlama C, Costagliola D, Riviere Y: Correlation between breadth of memory HIV-specific cytotoxic T cells, viral load and disease progression in HIV infection. Aids. 2002, 16 (18): 2399-2407. 10.1097/00002030-200212060-00004.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Williams MA, Bevan MJ: Effector and memory CTL differentiation. Annu Rev Immunol. 2007, 25: 171-192. 10.1146/annurev.immunol.25.022106.141548.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Goodier MR, Imami N, Moyle G, Gazzard B, Gotch F: Loss of the CD56hiCD16- NK cell subset and NK cell interferon-gamma production during antiretroviral therapy for HIV-1: partial recovery by human growth hormone. Clin Exp Immunol. 2003, 134 (3): 470-476. 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2003.02329.x.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pires A, Pido-Lopez J, Moyle G, Gazzard B, Gotch F, Imami N: Enhanced T-cell maturation, differentiation and function in HIV-1-infected individuals after growth hormone and highly active antiretroviral therapy. Antivir Ther. 2004, 9 (1): 67-75.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wanke C, Gerrior J, Kantaros J, Coakley E, Albrecht M: Recombinant human growth hormone improves the fat redistribution syndrome (lipodystrophy) in patients with HIV. Aids. 1999, 13 (15): 2099-2103. 10.1097/00002030-199910220-00013.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dardenne M, Mello-Coelho V, Gagnerault MC, Postel-Vinay MC: Growth hormone receptors and immunocompetent cells. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1998, 840: 510-517. 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09589.x.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Murphy WJ, Durum SK, Longo DL: Differential effects of growth hormone and prolactin on murine T cell development and function. J Exp Med. 1993, 178 (1): 231-236. 10.1084/jem.178.1.231.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Napolitano LA, Lo JC, Gotway MB, Mulligan K, Barbour JD, Schmidt D, Grant RM, Halvorsen RA, Schambelan M, McCune JM: Increased thymic mass and circulating naive CD4 T cells in HIV-1-infected adults treated with growth hormone. Aids. 2002, 16 (8): 1103-1111. 10.1097/00002030-200205240-00003.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Timsit J, Savino W, Safieh B, Chanson P, Gagnerault MC, Bach JF, Dardenne M: Growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I stimulate hormonal function and proliferation of thymic epithelial cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1992, 75 (1): 183-188. 10.1210/jc.75.1.183.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Napolitano LA, Schmidt D, Gotway MB, Ameli N, Filbert EL, Ng MM, Clor JL, Epling L, Sinclair E, Baum PD, et al: Growth hormone enhances thymic function in HIV-1-infected adults. J Clin Invest. 2008, 118 (3): 1085-1098.
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tesselaar K, Miedema F: Growth hormone resurrects adult human thymus during HIV-1 infection. J Clin Invest. 2008, 118 (3): 844-847.
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar