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Table 4 Epidemiological effects (Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolation from faeces or tissues).

From: Paratuberculosis control: a review with a focus on vaccination

Vaccine

Country and reference

Year

Number of animals

Age at vaccination

Reduction (%)

Type of trial

Name/Laboratory

Type

Strain/Antigen

Adjuvant

      

Cattle

NCV

Live

6 strains

Oil

U.S.A. [65]

1935

20

1 m

-14.29

E,TC

Weybridge

Live

316F

P/O/P

U.K. [68]

1965

84

1 w

11.54

E, MC, TC

Weybridge

Live

316F

P/O/P

Australia [82]

1971

82

1 m

24.18

F, IF,MC, TC

NCV

Live

avirulent

P/O/P

U.S.A. [83]

1974

16

16 d

81.47

E, MC, FC

NCV

Live

avirulent

P/O/P

U.S.A. [83]

1974

16

16 d

0.00

E, MC, TC

Fromm

Killed

M.a.a strain 18

Oil

U.S.A.[70]

1983

158

1 m

79.28

F, MC, FC

Fromm

Killed

M.a.a strain 18

Oil

U.S.A. [70]

1983

3060

1 m

99.11

F, IF, FC

NCV

Live

316F

Oil

Denmark [84]

1983

5446

1 m

92.90

F, MC, FC

Lelystad

Killed

-

Oil

Netherlands [71]

1992

2065

1 m

-21.25

F, IF, FC

NCV

Live

316F

P/O/P

France [85]

1992

22988

1 m

81.68

F, IF/MC, FC

Phylaxia

Killed

5889 Bergey

Oil

Hungary [86]

1994

2738

1 m

94.70

F, IF, FC

NCV

Killed

-

Oil

Netherlands [72]

1994

499

1 m

-36.72

F, IF, TC

NCV

Killed

-

Oil

Netherlands [37]

1996

573

1 m

13.34

F, IF, TC

Mycopar

Killed

M.a.a strain 18

Oil

U.S.A.[87]

2000

372

< 35 d

71.43

F, MC, FC

NCV

Killed

-

Oil

Netherlands [88]

2001

4452

1 m

33.83

F, NVH, FC

Neoparasec

Live

316F

Oil

Germany [89]

2002

521

1 m

86.87

F, MC, FC

Mycopar

Killed

M.a.a strain 18

Oil

U.S.A. [58]

2003

10

7 d

-28.00

E, MC, FC, TC

Mycopar

IL-12

Killed

M.a.a strain 18

Oil

U.S.A. [58]

2003

10

7 d

32.00

E, MC, FC, TC

Mycopar

Killed

M.a.a strain 18

Oil

U.S.A. [58]

2003

14

8 d

40.00

E, MC, FC, TC

Mycopar

IL-12

Killed

M.a.a strain 18

Oil

U.S.A. [58]

2003

14

8 d

23.60

E, MC, FC, TC

Silirum

Killed

316F

Oil

Spain [90]

2005

14

2 m

62.50

E, MC, TC

NCV

Rec

Hsp70

DDA

Netherlands [39]

2006

20

1 m

boost 11 m

37.50

E, MC, FC

Mycopar

Killed

M.a.a strain 18

Oil

U.S.A. [91]

2006

213

< 35 d

77.12

F, MC, FC

NCV

Rec

MAP (85A, 85B, 85C, SOD)

MPLA +/- IL12 RIBI

U.S.A. [92]

2008

24

5-10 d

41.67

E, MC, FC, TC

Silirum

Killed

316F

Oil

U.S.A. [93]

2009

12

14 d

84.61

E,MC,TC

Silirum

Killed

316F

Oil

Spain [49]

2009

371

all ages

68.20

F, IF, FC, FP

Average

72.55 ± 0.29

Sheep

NCV

Killed

101 sheep & VB/4 cattle

Oil

U.K. [94]

1961

44

1 m

52.63

E, MC, TC

NCV

Killed

-

Oil

U.K. [95]

1962

126

1 m

29.05

E, MC, TC

Lio-Johne

Live

316F

Oil

Spain [74]

1993

1201

Adults

80.01

F, MC, TC

Neoparasec

Live

316F

Oil

Spain [96]

1994

13

2 m

38.89

E, MC, TC

Neoparasec & NCV

Live & Killed

316F

-

Oil

Spain [77]

1995

97

Adults

-10.95

F, IF, TC

NCV

Killed

-

Oil Paraffin

Greece [97]

1997

226

1 m

93.27

F, MC, FC

Neoparasec

Live

316F

Oil

New Zealand [78]

2000

28

1-1.5 m

66.67

E, MC, TP

Gudair

Killed

316F

Oil

Australia [80]

2004

1200

1-4 m

90.00

F, MC, FC

Gudair

Killed

316F

Oil

Australia [98]

2005

-

16 w

52.21

F, IF, FC

Gudair

Killed

316F

Oil

Australia [34]

2006

400

1 m

76.14

F, MC, FC

Gudair

Killed

316F

Oil

Australia [34]

2006

400

1 m

84.15

F, MC, FC

Gudair

Killed

316F

Oil

Australia [99]

2007

998

2-3 m

76.14

F, MC, FC

Gudair

Killed

316F

Oil

New Zealand [81]

2009

62

4 m

25.30

E, MC, FC

NCV

Killed

316F

Lipid-K formulation

New Zealand [81]

2009

63

4 m

36.03

E, MC, FC

NCV

Live

316F

Lipid-K formulation

New Zealand [81]

2009

63

4 m

36.03

E, MC, FC

NCV

Live

316F

Lipid-K formulation

New Zealand [81]

2009

62

4 m

34.09

E, MC, FC

Average

76.42 ± 0.54

Goats

Neoparasec

Live

316F

Oil

France [100]

1988

27

1 m

73.08

E, MC, FC

Neoparasec

Live

316F

Oil

France [100]

1988

26

1 m

51.01

E, MC, TC

Fromm

Killed

-

Freund's Complete

U.S.A. [101]

1988

1075

1 m

80.23

F, MC, FC

NCV

Killed

-

Oil Paraffin

Greece [97]

1997

297

1 m

95.57

F, NVH, FC

NCV

Killed

Goat isolate (CWD)

QS21

U.S.A. [102]

2007

20

1-4 w

61.69

E, MC, FC, TC

NCV

Killed

Goat isolate (CWC)

QS21

U.S.A. [102]

2007

20

1-4 w

85.19

E, MC, FC, TC

NCV

Killed

Goat isolate (CWC)

Alum

U.S.A. [102]

2007

20

1-4 w

79.31

E, MC, FC, TC

NCV

Killed

Goat isolate (CWD)

Alum

U.S.A. [102]

2007

20

1-4 w

-57.68

E, MC, FC, TC

NCV

Killed

Virulent Field Strain

Alum

India [48]

2007

55

4-6 m

82.14

E, MC, FC

Gudair

Killed

316F

Oil

India [48]

2007

55

4-6 m

52.38

E, MC, FC

NCV

Rec

MAP (85A, 85B, SOD, 74F)

DDA

U.S.A. [40]

2009

17

5-10 d

87.50

E, MC, TC

NCV

Rec

MAP (85A, 85B, SOD, 74F)

none

U.S.A. [40]

2009

17

5-10 d

37.50

E, MC, TC

Average

79.34 ± 0.89

  1. NCV: non-commercial vaccine; Weybridge: Central Veterinary Laboratory, Weybridge, UK; Fromm: Fromm Laboratories, Grafton, Wisconsin USA; Lelystad: Central Veterinary Institute, Lelystad, The Netherlands; Phylaxia: Phylaxia Veterinary Biologicals Company, Budapest; Mycopar®: Mycopar Fort Doge/Solvay, USA; Neoparasec: Neoparasec®, Merial; Silirum: Silirum®, CZ Veterinaria/Pfizer; Lio-Johne, Ovejero, Spain; Gudair: Gudair®, CZ Veterinaria/Pfizer; Rec: recombinant; CWD Cell Wall Deficient MAP; CWC Cell Wall Competent MAP; P/O/P Paraffin, Olive Oil, Pumice Stone Powder; y: year(s); m: month(s); w: week(s); d: day(s); F: Field trial; E: Experimental infection; MC: Comparison to matched controls; IF: Comparison of initial versus final prevalence; NVH: Comparison to non-vaccinating herds; TC: Tissue culture; FC: Fecal culture.