Hardy GA, Imami N, Sullivan AK, Pires A, Burton CT, Nelson MR, et al: Reconstitution of CD4+ T cell responses in HIV-1 infected individuals initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is associated with renewed interleukin-2 production and responsiveness. Clin Exp Immunol. 2003, 134: 98-106. 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2003.02256.x.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Imami N, Hardy G, Gotch F: Development of immunotherapeutic strategies for HIV-1. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2001, 1: 803-816. 10.1517/14712598.1.5.803.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jansen CA, Piriou E, De Cuyper IM, van Dort K, Lange JM, Miedema F, van Baarle D: Long-term highly active antiretroviral therapy in chronic HIV-1 infection: evidence for reconstitution of antiviral immunity. Antivir Ther. 2006, 11: 105-116.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pontesilli O, Kerkhof-Garde S, Notermans DW, Foudraine NA, Roos MT, Klein MR, et al: Functional T cell reconstitution and human immunodeficiency virus-1-specific cell-mediated immunity during highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Infect Dis. 1999, 180: 76-86. 10.1086/314837.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kalams SA, Goulder PJ, Shea AK, Jones NG, Trocha AK, Ogg GS, Walker BD: Levels of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte effector and memory responses decline after suppression of viremia with highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Virol. 1999, 73: 6721-6728.
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rosenberg ES, Walker BD: HIV type 1-specific helper T cells: a critical host defense. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1998, 14 (Suppl 2): S143-147.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Douek DC, Brenchley JM, Betts MR, Ambrozak DR, Hill BJ, Okamoto Y, et al: HIV preferentially infects HIV-specific CD4+ T cells. Nature. 2002, 417: 95-98. 10.1038/417095a.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Valdez H, Carlson NL, Post AB, Asaad R, Heeger PS, Lederman MM, et al: HIV long-term non-progressors maintain brisk CD8 T cell responses to other viral antigens. Aids. 2002, 16: 1113-1118. 10.1097/00002030-200205240-00004.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jin X, Bauer DE, Tuttleton SE, Lewin S, Gettie A, Blanchard J, et al: Dramatic rise in plasma viremia after CD8(+) T cell depletion in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected macaques. J Exp Med. 1999, 189: 991-998. 10.1084/jem.189.6.991.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Garcia F, Lejeune M, Climent N, Gil C, Alcami J, Morente V, et al: Therapeutic immunization with dendritic cells loaded with heat-inactivated autologous HIV-1 in patients with chronic HIV-1 infection. J Infect Dis. 2005, 191: 1680-1685. 10.1086/429340.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kinloch-de Loes S, Hoen B, Smith DE, Autran B, Lampe FC, Phillips AN, et al: Impact of therapeutic immunization on HIV-1 viremia after discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy initiated during acute infection. J Infect Dis. 2005, 192: 607-617. 10.1086/432002.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Levy Y, Durier C, Lascaux AS, Meiffredy V, Gahery-Segard H, Goujard C, et al: Sustained control of viremia following therapeutic immunization in chronically HIV-1-infected individuals. Aids. 2006, 20: 405-413.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Salk J: Prospects for the control of AIDS by immunizing seropositive individuals. Nature. 1987, 327: 473-476. 10.1038/327473a0.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kahn JO, Cherng DW, Mayer K, Murray H, Lagakos S: Evaluation of HIV-1 immunogen, an immunologic modifier, administered to patients infected with HIV having 300 to 549 × 10(6)/L CD4 cell counts: A randomized controlled trial. Jama. 2000, 284: 2193-2202. 10.1001/jama.284.17.2193.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Robbins GK, Addo MM, Troung H, Rathod A, Habeeb K, Davis B, et al: Augmentation of HIV-1-specific T helper cell responses in chronic HIV-1 infection by therapeutic immunization. Aids. 2003, 17: 1121-1126. 10.1097/00002030-200305230-00002.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Turner JL, Kostman JR, Aquino A, Wright D, Szabo S, Bidwell R, et al: The effects of an HIV-1 immunogen (Remune) on viral load, CD4 cell counts and HIV-specific immunity in a double-blind, randomized, adjuvant-controlled subset study in HIV infected subjects regardless of concomitant antiviral drugs. HIV Med. 2001, 2: 68-77. 10.1046/j.1468-1293.2001.00051.x.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Chantratita W, Sukeepaisarncharoen W, Chandeying V, Kulpradist S, Israngkura Na Ayudhtaya B, Rugpao S, et al: Delayed progression to AIDS in volunteers treated with long-term HIV-1 Immunogen (REMUNE) therapy in Thailand. HIV Med. 2004, 5: 317-325. 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2004.00230.x.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Davey RT, Chaitt DG, Albert JM, Piscitelli SC, Kovacs JA, Walker RE, et al: A randomized trial of high- versus low-dose subcutaneous interleukin-2 outpatient therapy for early human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. J Infect Dis. 1999, 179: 849-858. 10.1086/314678.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Davey RT, Chaitt DG, Piscitelli SC, Wells M, Kovacs JA, Walker RE, et al: Subcutaneous administration of interleukin-2 in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected persons. J Infect Dis. 1997, 175: 781-789.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hengge UR, Goos M, Esser S, Exner V, Dotterer H, Wiehler H, et al: Randomized, controlled phase II trial of subcutaneous interleukin-2 in combination with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in HIV patients. Aids. 1998, 12: F225-234. 10.1097/00002030-199817000-00003.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kovacs JA, Baseler M, Dewar RJ, Vogel S, Davey RT, Falloon J, et al: Increases in CD4 T lymphocytes with intermittent courses of interleukin-2 in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. A preliminary study. N Engl J Med. 1995, 332: 567-575. 10.1056/NEJM199503023320904.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Davey RT, Murphy RL, Graziano FM, Boswell SL, Pavia AT, Cancio M, et al: Immunologic and virologic effects of subcutaneous interleukin 2 in combination with antiretroviral therapy: A randomized controlled trial. Jama. 2000, 284: 183-189. 10.1001/jama.284.2.183.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Levy Y, Durier C, Krzysiek R, Rabian C, Capitant C, Lascaux AS, et al: Effects of interleukin-2 therapy combined with highly active antiretroviral therapy on immune restoration in HIV-1 infection: a randomized controlled trial. Aids. 2003, 17: 343-351. 10.1097/00002030-200302140-00008.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Blattman JN, Grayson JM, Wherry EJ, Kaech SM, Smith KA, Ahmed R: Therapeutic use of IL-2 to enhance antiviral T-cell responses in vivo. Nat Med. 2003, 9: 540-547. 10.1038/nm866.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hardy GA, Imami N, Sullivan AK, Nelson MR, Gazzard B, Gotch FM: Tetanus vaccination with IL-2 during highly active antiretroviral therapy induces sustained and pronounced specific CD4 T-cell responses. Aids. 2004, 18: 2199-2202. 10.1097/00002030-200411050-00014.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lombardi G, Hargreaves R, Sidhu S, Imami N, Lightstone L, Fuller-Espie S, et al: Antigen presentation by T cells inhibits IL-2 production and induces IL-4 release due to altered cognate signals. J Immunol. 1996, 156: 2769-2775.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Imami N, Pires A, Hardy G, Wilson J, Gazzard B, Gotch F: A balanced type 1/type 2 response is associated with long-term nonprogressive human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. J Virol. 2002, 76: 9011-9023. 10.1128/JVI.76.18.9011-9023.2002.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Moss RB, Wallace MR, Giermakowska WK, Webb E, Savary J, Chamberlin-Brandt C, et al: Phenotypic analysis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 cell-mediated immune responses after treatment with an HIV-1 immunogen. J Infect Dis. 1999, 180: 641-648. 10.1086/314924.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Turner JL, Trauger RJ, Daigle AE, Carlo DJ: HIV-1 immunogen induction of HIV-1-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity: results of a double-blind, adjuvant-controlled, dose-ranging trial. Aids. 1994, 8: 1429-1435. 10.1097/00002030-199410000-00009.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bidwell J: Advances in DNA-based HLA-typing methods. Immunol Today. 1994, 15: 303-307. 10.1016/0167-5699(94)90076-0.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lalvani A, Brookes R, Hambleton S, Britton WJ, Hill AV, McMichael AJ: Rapid effector function in CD8+ memory T cells. J Exp Med. 1997, 186: 859-865. 10.1084/jem.186.6.859.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Aasa-Chapman MM, Hayman A, Newton P, Cornforth D, Williams I, Borrow P, et al: Development of the antibody response in acute HIV-1 infection. Aids. 2004, 18: 371-381. 10.1097/00002030-200402200-00002.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Conley AJ, Kessler JA, Boots LJ, Tung JS, Arnold BA, Keller PM, et al: Neutralization of divergent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 variants and primary isolates by IAM-41-2F5, an anti-gp41 human monoclonal antibody. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1994, 91: 3348-3352. 10.1073/pnas.91.8.3348.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Trkola A, Pomales AB, Yuan H, Korber B, Maddon PJ, Allaway GP, et al: Cross-clade neutralization of primary isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by human monoclonal antibodies and tetrameric CD4-IgG. J Virol. 1995, 69: 6609-6617.
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Zwick MB, Labrijn AF, Wang M, Spenlehauer C, Saphire EO, Binley JM, et al: Broadly neutralizing antibodies targeted to the membrane-proximal external region of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 glycoprotein gp41. J Virol. 2001, 75: 10892-10905. 10.1128/JVI.75.22.10892-10905.2001.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Valentine FT, Paolino A, Saito A, Holzman RS: Lymphocyte-proliferative responses to HIV antigens as a potential measure of immunological reconstitution in HIV disease. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1998, 14 (Suppl 2): S161-166.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lange CG, Valdez H, Medvik K, Asaad R, Lederman MM: CD4+ T-lymphocyte nadir and the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on phenotypic and functional immune restoration in HIV-1 infection. Clin Immunol. 2002, 102: 154-161. 10.1006/clim.2001.5164.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lederman HM, Williams PL, Wu JW, Evans TG, Cohn SE, McCutchan JA, et al: Incomplete immune reconstitution after initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with severe CD4+ cell depletion. J Infect Dis. 2003, 188: 1794-1803. 10.1086/379900.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lange CG, Lederman MM, Medvik K, Asaad R, Wild M, Kalayjian R, Valdez H: Nadir CD4+ T-cell count and numbers of CD28+ CD4+ T-cells predict functional responses to immunizations in chronic HIV-1 infection. Aids. 2003, 17: 2015-2023. 10.1097/00002030-200309260-00002.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wilson JD, Imami N, Watkins A, Gill J, Hay P, Gazzard B, et al: Loss of CD4+ T cell proliferative ability but not loss of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 specificity equates with progression to disease. J Infect Dis. 2000, 182: 792-798. 10.1086/315764.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Younes SA, Yassine-Diab B, Dumont AR, Boulassel MR, Grossman Z, Routy JP, Sekaly RP: HIV-1 viremia prevents the establishment of interleukin 2-producing HIV-specific memory CD4+ T cells endowed with proliferative capacity. J Exp Med. 2003, 198: 1909-1922. 10.1084/jem.20031598.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Imami N, Brookes PA, Lombardi G, Hakooz B, Johns M, Goldman JM, et al: Association between interleukin-4-producing T lymphocyte frequencies and reduced risk of graft-versus-host disease. Transplantation. 1998, 65: 979-988. 10.1097/00007890-199804150-00019.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kuekrek H, Schlingmann T, Valdez H, Boehm BO, Pollard RB, Mitsuyasu R, et al: Differential effect of interleukin-2 treatment on primary and secondary immunizations in HIV infected individuals. Aids. 2005, 19: 1967-1974. 10.1097/01.aids.0000189859.59559.9b.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sullivan AK, Hardy GA, Nelson MR, Gotch F, Gazzard BG, Imami N: Interleukin-2-associated viral breakthroughs induce HIV-1-specific CD4 T cell responses in patients on fully suppressive highly active antiretroviral therapy. Aids. 2003, 17: 628-629. 10.1097/00002030-200303070-00020.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Burton DR, Desrosiers RC, Doms RW, Koff WC, Kwong PD, Moore JP, et al: HIV vaccine design and the neutralizing antibody problem. Nat Immunol. 2004, 5: 233-236. 10.1038/ni0304-233.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Page M, Ojugo A, Imami N, Hardy G, Gotch F, Almond N: Specificity of anti-human leukocyte antigen antibody responses after immunization with Remune, an inactivated HIV-1 vaccine. Aids. 2007, 21: 375-377. 10.1097/QAD.0b013e328012b873.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tubiana R, Carcelain G, Vray M, Gourlain K, Dalban C, Chermak A, et al: Therapeutic immunization with a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1-recombinant canarypox vaccine in chronically HIV-infected patients: The Vacciter Study (ANRS 094). Vaccine. 2005, 23: 4292-4301. 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.04.013.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jacobson JM, Pat Bucy R, Spritzler J, Saag MS, Eron JJ, Coombs RW, et al: Evidence That Intermittent Structured Treatment Interruption, but Not Immunization with ALVAC-HIV vCP1452, Promotes Host Control of HIV Replication: The Results of AIDS Clinical Trials Group 5068. J Infect Dis. 2006, 194: 623-632. 10.1086/506364.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Autran B: Time to ART Resumption following Treatment Interruption Is Shorter for Individuals Immunized with HIV-Recombinant Canarypox Vaccine (Vcp1452) Compared to Placebo: The Manon-02 Trial. Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. 2007, Abstract 126LB
Google Scholar
NIH HIV Molecular Immunology Database. [http://www.hiv.lanl.gov/content/immunology/ctl_search]